• br Introduction Our understanding of how ligands

  2020-06-29

  

  Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact with G protein coupled receptors is evolving, particularly the recognition that some have the ability to preferentially activate a subset of intracellular signalling cascades – so called pathway biased ligands [1]. Additionally, it is now acc

• br Results br Discussion The origin and fate of

  2020-06-29

  

  Results Discussion The origin and fate of Tfh cells has been intensely studied since their first description 14 years ago (Breitfeld et al., 2000, Schaerli et al., 2000). Although mice engineered to report BCL6 (Kitano et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2012) and interleukin-21 (IL-21) (Lüthje et al.,

• In all available E E structures the

  2020-06-29

  

  In all available E2:E3 structures, the RING-type domain binds the E2 on a surface that is remote from the active site Cys (and therefore from the ubiquitin thioester) (Fig. 2). The non-contiguous E3-binding and active sites on the E2 imply that the role played by a RING to facilitate ubiquitin trans

• br Materials and Methods br Acknowledgements We thank

  2020-06-29

  

  Materials and Methods Acknowledgements We thank the staff of beamlines ID29 and ID30A-1 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This work was supported by, the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG13-GA-2013-630755), the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 1383/17) and the Israeli Ca

• To study the role of DNA PK in

  2020-06-29

  

  To study the role of DNA–PK in the response to replication arrest, we used the DNA replication inhibitor aphidicolin (APH). APH, a mycotoxin isolated from Cephalosporium aphidicola, inhibits DNA replication by interacting with the replicating DNA polymerase α (pol α). APH specifically inhibits the a

• The kinase activity of DNA PKcs is essential for NHEJ

  2020-06-29

  

  The kinase activity of DNA-PKcs is essential for NHEJ, but the exact role of the enzymatic activity of DNA-PKcs plays in NHEJ is not fully understood [57]. In vitro, DNA-PKcs can phosphorylate each of the canonical NHEJ factors including Ku70/80 [58], [59], XRCC4 [60], [61], SB203580 IV [62], and X

• In laboratory strains of Escherichia coli three mechanisms o

  2020-06-29

  

  In laboratory strains of Escherichia coli, three mechanisms of repair for alkylated bases are known. The first involves constitutively expressed Ogt and inducible Ada methyltransferases, directly removing methyl groups from O6-methylguanine (O6meG) and O4-methylthymine (O4meT) [1], [2], [3], [4]. In

• Aldehyde dehydrogenase has been characterized as a

  2020-06-28

  

  Aldehyde dehydrogenase has been characterized as a cancer stem cell marker, which plays a key role in various biological processes in tumor, including cell proliferation, invasiveness and chemoresistance. Recent data of Abourbih et al reported that ALDH1 expression did not correlate with primary tum

• In the present study it was found that

  2020-06-28

  

  In the present study, it was found that HepG2, H4IIE and LMH cells were inclined to remove S-metalaxyl and lead to decrease of ERs of metalaxyl, while L8824 cells were inclined to attenuate R-metalaxyl and resulted in an inverse shift of ER. These findings indicate the enantioselective accumulation

• br Introduction Cell transplantation therapies using

  2020-06-28

  

  Introduction Cell transplantation therapies using embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal tissue (ESC/iPSC retina) or omadacycline synthesis have emerged as therapeutic options for retinal degeneration following recent breakthroughs. A number of groups

• Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics

  2020-06-28

  

  Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics to paint a more complete picture of developmental Erk signaling? For now, the authors have dynamically manipulated Erk signaling but measured the Erk output at steady-state using classic immunofluorescence techniques (Johnson and Toettcher

• Introduction Taenia solium is the

  2020-06-28

  

  Introduction Taenia solium is the causative agent of human taeniasis/cysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis, a major health problem and a veterinary economic challenge in developing countries of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In Mexico, approximately 500 human neurocysticercosis cases were repor

• ApoE is secreted from astrocytes glia into the interstitial

  2020-06-28

  

  ApoE is secreted from astrocytes/glia into the interstitial fluid and is important for metabolizing Aβ because of its propensity for binding Aβ as a cholesterol and phospholipid acceptor in reverse cholesterol transport [8]. Aβ oligomers show a direct toxicity to neurons, and ApoE inhibits oligomer

• br Conclusions br ISG is an ubiquitin like

  2020-06-28

  

  Conclusions ISG15 is an ubiquitin‐like protein that is induced by treating mammalian CAY10683 with interferon‐α/β. UbE1L was identified as the E1‐activating enzyme for ISG15 in the course of experiments that demonstrated that the nonstructural or NS1 protein of influenza B virus inhibits ISG15

• br MCADD review br Funding None br Introduction Bacteroides

  2020-06-24

  

  MCADD review Funding None. Introduction Bacteroides species are obligate anaerobes, Gram-negative, and non-spore-forming bacteria and 21 species of this genus are found particularly in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract in vertebrates [1,2]. B. fragilis is the most common Doripenem

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