• XL184 receptor Compound and several additional FPR

  2021-10-25

  

  Compound 10 and several additional FPR1 antagonists identified here specifically blocked fMLF-induced responses mediated via FPR1 in FPR1-HL60 XL184 receptor and human neutrophils, but not responses mediated via FPR2 or FPR3 (in human neutrophils and transfected HL60 cells) or Fpr1 (murine neutroph

• The recent identification of new

  2021-10-25

  

  The recent identification of new mechanisms for triggering ferroptosis, by compounds termed FIN56 and FINO2, provided new insights into regulation of ferroptosis. FINO2 acts through a distinct mechanism: it promotes lipid peroxidation by oxidizing iron and indirectly inactivating GPX4 [180]. FIN56 w

• Given the role that activation of GC C

  2021-10-25

  

  Given the role that activation of GC-C has in stimulating fluid secretion in the intestine, attempts have been made to exploit this pathway to relieve symptoms of chronic constipation. Currently, an orally administered synthetic ST mimic, linaclotide [29], has been successfully shown to alleviate co

• It appears that different agonists for GPR

  2021-10-25

  

  It appears that different agonists for GPR55 activate different signalling pathways [25]. GPR55 activation through LPI has been shown to trigger ERK 1/2 phosphorylation 22, 23, 25, 33. Conversely, endogenous cannabinoid compounds AEA and 2-AG have been shown to have no effect on ERK 1/2 signalling 2

• acetylcholine receptor br Cell origin The ontogeny of astroc

  2021-10-25

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• lumacaftor Introduction l Glutamate is a major excitatory ne

  2021-10-25

  

  Introduction l-Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that contributes not only to fast synaptic neurotransmission, but also to complex physiological processes like memory, learning, plasticity, and neuronal cell death [30], [81]. Glutamate is

• Acute effects of FZ were not altered in GluR

  2021-10-25

  

  Acute effects of FZ were not altered in GluR-A−/− mice, thus providing a solid basis for comparing the effects of repeated drug administration. In addition, GluR-A subunit deficiency did not affect the basal behavior of saline-treated animals, despite the GluR-A−/− mice having been described as hype

• In a previous study M ykkynen

  2021-10-25

  

  In a previous study (Möykkynen et al., 2003), we reported that ethanol lengthens the time needed for the AMPA receptors to recovery from desensitization in isolated hippocampal neurons. Here, we did not observe any effect of ethanol on recovery from desensitization in recombinant homomeric GluR-D re

• The atomic model of Ce INX

  2021-10-25

  

  The atomic model of Ce-INX6 provides an additional interpretation to the Ce-INX6ΔN mutant structure at low-resolution [41]. Given that the N-terminal residues from 2 to 19 are deleted in the Ce-INX6ΔN mutant, the N-terminal funnel found in the pore of the wild-type Ce-INX6 should be lost in the Ce-I

• The structural modelling studies gave a

  2021-10-25

  

  The structural modelling studies gave a view of arsenic mediated covalent modifications possible in Cx43. In order to look for the biochemical effects of Arsenic on Cx43 and Cx43 mediated GJIC formation, and in order to further decipher the mechanism involved in Arsenic induced decreases in expressi

• The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR a and dlGALR

  2021-10-25

  

  The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR1a and dlGALR1b receptors found in the gonads of adult fish led us to hypothesize that the gene expression difference between female and males might be attributed to the differences in steroid production between female and male gonads. Interestingly we have found that

• br Challenges and open questions Deepening our understanding

  2021-10-23

  

  Challenges and open questions Deepening our understanding of PKC’s role in GSIS will require harnessing recently developed techniques and developing new tools. Here we describe three challenges remaining in the field and offer suggestions on experimental approaches to address them. PKC plays an

• br Histamine H R The cloning of the H

  2021-10-23

  

  Histamine H4R The cloning of the H3R (Lovenberg et al., 1999) provided a template for the search of other 8711 receptors, and resulted in the most recent discovery of histamine H4R. This concluded with six independent groups that have reported the cloning of the H4R (Leurs et al., 2009, Liu et a

• However although lactic acid suppresses

  2021-10-23

  

  However, although lactic E7080 synthesis suppresses the activation of effector , rendering them unable to buffer intracellular acidity [32], other T cell subpopulations such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit metabolic adaptations in low-glucose, high-lactate environments. In particular, Treg tr

• The PCR based analysis of TRECs in general is

  2021-10-23

  

  The PCR-based analysis of TRECs in general is laborious, technically challenging and comparison of results obtained in different laboratories is difficult as different normalization standards exist. Moreover the analysis is restricted to analysis of cell populations (Douek et al., 1998; Jamieson et

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