• Calcium mobilization FLIPR assay CHO K cells expressing an

  2022-06-10

  

  Calcium mobilization (FLIPR) assay: CHO-K1 cells expressing an NFAT-β-lactamase reporter and the promiscuous Gα-subunit Gqi5 were stably transfected with either empty vector (pCDNA3.1, Invitrogen) or vector expressing HA-GPR81, GPR109A or GPR109B. Cells were seeded at 10,000cells/well in 384-well cu

• br Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing

  2022-06-10

  

  Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor, GPR55, by lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) has been well documented, and implicated in endocannabinoid signaling [1]. Intracellular events resulting from GPR55 activation include; enhanced β-arrestin activity, calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 p

• The PCR based analysis of TRECs in

  2022-06-09

  

  The PCR-based analysis of TRECs in general is laborious, technically challenging and comparison of results obtained in different laboratories is difficult as different normalization standards exist. Moreover the analysis is restricted to analysis of cell populations (Douek et al., 1998; Jamieson et

• To further investigate its role in

  2022-06-09

  

  To further investigate its role in stresses tolerance, OsGly I was overexpressed in transgenic rice. qRT-PCR and zymologic determination showed that 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate level of OsGly I and the glyoxalase I activity were significantly increased to different extent in the transgenic

• br Introduction Glycoproteins represent a staggeringly small

  2022-06-09

  

  Introduction Glycoproteins represent a staggeringly small fraction of proteins analyzed by high-resolution techniques despite high concentrations at the cell surface and critical roles in many human diseases. Though one-half or more of all human proteins are predicted to contain a carbohydrate ch

• That MSCs release IL upon LPS

  2022-06-09

  

  That MSCs release IL-6 upon LPS stimulation or other stressful stimuli like H2O2 [43] is well-documented [44]. However, there are conflicting reports on the potential effects of this cytokine in stroke. Some studies have found that the external administration of IL-6 in ischemic animal models leads

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by the

  2022-06-09

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants from National key Basic Research Program of China (2012CB124702), 948 Program (2015-Z33), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172093, 31301947), the National Science Foundation for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (J1103510), S

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgements br Introduction Glucose

  2022-06-09

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgements Introduction Glucose metabolism is vital to prepare uterine epithelium and stroma for embryo implantation and for the differentiation of the functionalis layer to support the developing conceptus [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Due to its polar nature and hydrophilic cond

• sirtuin activators Activation of Akt signaling is common

  2022-06-09

  

  Activation of Akt signaling is common in nearly all of the human malignancies (Altomare & Testa, 2005). It has been reported that microRNA-200c targets Akt signaling pathway to inhibit cell apoptosis of pituitary adenoma (Liao et al., 2014). In addition, Akt signaling pathway regulates the expressio

• In conclusion enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell

  2022-06-09

  

  In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell

• Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucago

  2022-06-09

  

  Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful

• Next we asked how a common activation marker

  2022-06-09

  

  Next, we asked how a common activation marker of fibroblasts, Acta2, defined gene expression signatures in alveolar airspaces by using Acta2-mKO1 reporter mice (Fig. 2A). In the lungs of Acta2-mKO1 mice, mKO1 was expressed in smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal cells in l-ascorbic acid (Fig. 2B). B

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Present st

  2022-06-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Present study demonstrated the ability of a GIP agonist, D-Ala2GIP, to protect against the QA-induced neurobehavioral phenotype of HD in rats, for the first time. D-Ala2GIP treatment significantly improved the behavioral deficits, biochemical and neu

• The presented results speak for the direct

  2022-06-09

  

  The presented results speak for the direct effects of ghrelin on rat spermatozoa, which are accomplished by the activation of the GHSR-1a receptor. Thus, the results seem to be of physiological significance in vivo since ghrelin, the natural ligand of GHSR-1a, was found to be present in the seminal

• The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR a and dlGALR b

  2022-06-09

  

  The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR1a and dlGALR1b receptors found in the gonads of adult fish led us to hypothesize that the gene expression difference between female and males might be attributed to the differences in steroid production between female and male gonads. Interestingly we have found that

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