• Introduction Multiple sclerosis MS a neurological

  2022-10-12

  

  Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disease, is driven by CD4+ atp citrate lyase of the T helper (TH) cells [1]. There is no curative treatment for MS and the present treatments typically focus on immunomodulation for slowing the progression of the disease. These includ

• The discovery that the physiological functions

  2022-10-12

  

  The discovery that the physiological functions of LPI are associated with the activation of specific GPR55 membrane receptor [4] has launched a new era of research on this lysophospholipid. However, the activation of membrane receptors by lysophospholipids is extremely complex due to the multitude o

• The GPR receptor is also emerging

  2022-10-12

  

  The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also

• br The methyl aspartate receptor NMDAr

  2022-10-12

  

  The -methyl--aspartate receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia correlates disease symptomology with glutamatergic neurotransmission dysfunction., , , Therefore, inhibition of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) to elevate synaptic levels of glycine and potentiate NMDAr signaling is a

• br Materials and methods br Results Analysis

  2022-10-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Analysis of the post-mortem human prefrontal cortex by western blotting indicated that GLAST expression was increased 1.6-fold in the extracts of alcoholic brains relative to controls (Fig. 1A and B). To resolve the distinct sub-pools of GLAST within our samples w

• Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa

  2022-10-12

  

  Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise 20 different species that are distributed throughout the world and cause the disease leishmaniasis [1]. Transmission primarily occurs through the bite of a female sand fly and clinical manifestations of the disease span from cutaneous lesio

• br Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for

  2022-10-12

  

  Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptides similar to glucagon Genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon and other secretin-like hormones have been identified in a number of vertebrate species (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et

• br Methods br Results br Discussion The

  2022-10-12

  

  Methods Results Discussion The measurement of intraocular pressure was made with a commercially available rebound tonometer, the Tonovet®. In our studies, Tonovet® underestimated the intraocular pressure in both animal models, being this effect more pronounced in the rat. To study the effe

• br The small conductance Ca activated K SKCa SK SKCa

  2022-10-11

  

  The small conductance Ca-activated K+ (SKCa; SK, SKCa, KCa2) channels are recognized as a subfamily of KCa channels (Bond, Maylie, & Adelman, 1999). The SKCa channel is encoded by three distinct genes, KCNN1, KCNN2, and KCNN3 with different sensitivities toward apamin. Different with BKCa channels

• The active site of PS is

  2022-10-11

  

  The active site of PS1 is located at the interior of its TM horseshoe-like fold (29) (Fig. 1). TM2 and TM6 serve as “doors” for substrate entry (30), as also observed in recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the PS1 subunit (31). Recent coarse-grained (CG) and atomic simulations also showed

• Introduction Since the development of the first radioimmunoa

  2022-10-11

  

  Introduction Since the development of the first radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure hormone levels in the late 1950s, for which Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1977 (the second woman ever receiving it), the use of 99 0 in molecular research has increased tremendously

• Akt mTOR signaling pathway is a major

  2022-10-11

  

  Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a major negative regulator of autophagy, via modulating ULK1 complex. It is well established that Inhibition of mTOR by deprivation of nutrients or growth factors, led to dephosphorylation of ULK1, ULK2, and Atg13 in human cells, which is a key step for ULK1 complex ass

• FBP ALDOA complex is located on both

  2022-10-11

  

  FBP2-ALDOA complex is located on both sides of Z-line in striated muscles (Rakus et al., 2003a; Gizak et al., 2003) and its stability is regulated by calcium ions (Mamczur et al., 2005; Rakus et al., 2013) (Fig. 3). An increasing titre of [Ca2+] which occurs during muscle contraction stimulates diss

• Introduction Ventilator induced lung injury VILI

  2022-10-11

  

  Introduction Ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI) is the most common complication in the mechanical ventilation in clinic. Repetitive opening and closing of SF1670 at high pressures during artificial ventilation would generate shear stress and then lead to the damage of cell junction and dysregula

• In addition to Rabs several proteins have

  2022-10-10

  

  In addition to Rabs, several proteins have been shown to interact with Rabphilin3a, for instance the GluN2A subunit of the NMDA receptor, PSD-95 ([56,57] and references therein), Rabaptin-5, α-actinin [16] and SNAP-25 [21,23,41,61]. Only the latter has been reported to participate in the AR. Explori

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